Archive for Juli 2016

Tugas Tabel Rumus - Rumus Trigonometri

Published on 20.07 By Andrew_Yonatan
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Contoh Soal Biologi dan Jawabannya

Published on 19.11 By Andrew_Yonatan
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BAB 3
1.   Siapakah nama penemu virus ?
Jawab:
Dimitri Ivanowski dan Martinus W. Beijerinck
2.   Sebutkan bentuk-bentuk virus !
Jawab:
v bulat                 
v batang
v berbentuk seperti huruf T
3.   Apa yang dimaksud dengan sel inang ?
Jawab:
Sel inang adalah Sel organisme yang digunakan sebagai tempat tinggal virus
4.   Sebutkan bagian-bagian virus (yang berbentuk seperti huruf T) !
Jawab:
A)kepala virus
B)DNA/RNA    
C)kapsid           
D)selubung ekor       
E)lempengan dasar
F)serabut ekor
5.   Sebutkan dan jelaskan proses reproduksi virus !
Jawab:
A) Tahap pendekatan
- Adalah saat pertikel virus melekat paada sel inang yang diinfeksi
B) Tahap penetrasi
- Adalah tahap virus (materi genetik) masuk ke dalam sitoplasma sel inang
C) Tahap replikasi dan sintesis
- Adalah tahap terjadinya perbanyakan partikel virus di dalam sel inang
D) Tahap pematangan
- Adalah tahap penyusunan asam nukleut dab protein virus menjadi pertikel virus yang utuh
E) Tahap pelepasan
- Adalah tahap partikel virus keluar dari sel inang dengan memecahkan sel inang
6. Sebutkan dan jelaskan pengertian virus bakteri ?
    Jawab:  Virus bakteri adalah virus yang sel inangnya adalah sel bakteri
7. Jelaskan manfaat virus dalam bidang rekayasa genetika dan berikan contohnya?
    Jawab: Virus berperan penting dalam bidang rekayasa genetika karena dapat digunakan untuk kloning gen     (produksi DNA yang secara genetis identik). Contoh: virus yang membawa gen untuk mengendalikan            pertumbuhan serangga. Virus juga digunakan untuk terapi genmanusia yang diharapkan.
8. sebutkan 4 akibat yang ditimbulkan Rabies virus pada monyet, kucing, dan juga manusia?
    Jawab:
    v Gelisah
    v takut air
    v hilangnya kontrol otot
    v agresif
9. Jelaskan pengertian vaksin?
     Jawab:
     Vaksin adalah suatu zat yang mengandung mikroorganisme patogen yang sudah dilemahkan.
10. Sebutkan 3 contoh vaksin yang anda ketahui?
      Jawab: 
      OPV (oral Polio Vaccine) vaksin polio
      Vaksin rabies
      Vaksin cacar
BAB 4
     1.   Sebutkan pengertian bakteri menurut :
A)    Etimologinya                 B)  Secara umum (luas)
Jawab:
A) bakteri berasal dari bahasa yunani Bakterian yang berarti batang kecil
b) Bakteri merupakan organisme yang paling banyak jumlahnya dan tersebar luas dibandingkan makhluk hidup lainnya
     2.     Sebutkan bentuk-bentuk dari sel bakteri !
Jawab:
a) kokus (bulat)          d)kokobasil (antara kokus dengan basil)    
b) basil (batang)        e)Filamen
c) spirila (spiral)     
     3.     sebutkan dan jelaskan jenis-jenis bakteri kokus !
Jawab:
v Monokokus : sel bakteri kokus tunggal
v Diplokokus : dua buah sel kokus yang saling berdempetan
v Tetrakokus : 4 buah sel bakteri yang saling berdempetan
v Sarkina : 8 buah sel bakteri yang saling berdempetan yang membentuk kubus
v Streptokokus : bakteri kokus yang terdiri lebih dari 4 sel yang membentuk rantai
v Stafilokokus : bakteri kokus yang terdiri lebih dari 4 sel yang saling berdempetan membentuk seperti buah anggur
     4.     Sebutkan struktur sel beserta fungsinya !
Jawab:
-Kapsul : sebagai alat pertahanan diri
-Flagela : sebagai alat gerak
- Dinding sel : sebagai pelindung dan pemberi bentuk bakteri
-Membran sel : mengatur pertukaran zat anatar sel dengan lingkungannya
-Mesosom : sebagai pabrik energi
-Lembar fotosintetik : untuk berfotosintesis
-Sitoplasma : sebagai tempat berlangsungnya reaksi metabolik
-DNA : sebagai pengontrol sintesis protein dan pembawa sifat
-Plasmit : sebagai pembawa Gen tertentu
-Ribosom : sebagai tempat sintesis protein
-Endosfora : sebagai alat perlindungan diri
    5.     Sebutkan jenis-jenis bakteri berdasarkan cara memperoleh makanannya
Jawab:
-Bakteri Heterotrof: bakteri yang makanannya berupa senyawa organik dari organisme lain
-Bakteri Saprofit: bakteri yang memperoleh makanannya dari sisa-sisa organisme atau produk organisme lain
-Bakteri Parasit : bakteri yang memperoleh makanannya dari inangnya
-Bakteri Autotrof : bakteri yang mampu membuat makanannya sendiri
-Bakteri Fotoautotrof : bakteri yang menggunakan energi cahaya matahari untuk membuat makanan
-Bakteri Kemoautotrof : bakteri yang menggunakan energi kimia untuk mensintesis makanannya

6. Klasifikasi dikelompokkan menjadi lima filum. Sebutkan !
    Jawab:
v Proteobacteria
v Cyanobacteria
v Spirochetes
v Chlamydias
v Gram positif
7. sebutkan dan jelaskan pengertian konjugasi ?
Jawab:
Konjugasi adalah pemindahan materi genetik secara lansung melalui kontak sel dengan membentuk struktur seperti jembatan antara dua sel bakteri yang berdekatan.


8.sebutkan klasifikasi Eubacteria
Jawab:
Klasifikasi Eubacteria yaitu:
   v Proteobacteria
   v Cyanobacteria
   v Spirochetes
   v Chlamydias
   v Bakteri gram positif
9.Mengapa Archaebacteria di kelompokkan  sebagai kingdom yang terpisah dari Eubacteria
Jawab:
Karena Archaebacteria memiliki susunan, struktur , metabolisme, dan urutan asam nukleat yang berbeda dengan eubacteria
10. jelaskan pengertian imunisasi kemudian beri contoh
Jawab:
Imunisasi adalah upaya untuk memperoleh kekebalan terhadap penyakit yang di sebabkan oleh mikroorganisme
Contoh :
   v Vaksin kolera untuk mencegah penyakit kolera
   v Vaksin tifus untuk mencegah penyakit tifus
   v Vaksin BCG untuk mencegah penyakit TBC
   v Vaksin DPT (Tiphteria , Tertusis, Tetanus) untuk mencegah difteri, pertusis/batuk, dan tetanus

BAB 5
    1.     Apa yang dimaksud dengan protista ?
Jawab:
protista adalah kelompok organisme yang memiliki struktur sel eukariotik, uniseluler maupun multiseluler, dan tidak memiliki jaringan yang sebenarnya
    2.     Sebutkan jenis-jenis protista !
Jawab:
1) Protista yang menyerupai hewan
2) Protista yang menyerupai tumbuhan
3) Protista yang menyerupai jamur
   3.     Sebutkan ciri-ciri protista yang menyerupai hewan (Protozoa) !
è 1) Protozoa berukuran mikroskopik yaitu 3-1000 nanometer
2) Protozoa bersifat Uniseluler atau bersel satu
3) Hidup secara parasit atau saprofit (mengambil sisa makanan makhluk hidup yang bersifat organik)
4) Berproduksi secara vegetatif dengan membelah diri dan generatif dengan pembentukan spora
5) Protozoa membentuk kista ketika berada di lingkungan yang tidak menguntungkan
6) Respirasi dengan difusi pada seluruh permukaan tubuhnya
    4.     Sebutkan jenis-jenis protozoa berdasarkan alat geraknya beserta contohnya !
Jawab:
1) Rhizopoda  (kaki semu), contoh: Amoeba
2) Flagellata  (bulu cambuk), contoh: Euglena
3) Ciliata  (bulu getar), contoh: Paramecium
4) Sprozoa  (tidak memiliki alat gerak), contoh: Plasmodium
    5.     Sebutkan jenis-jenis protista yang merugikan bagi manusia !
Jawab:
1) Entamoeba histolytica penyebab disentri
2) Trypanosoma brucei    penyebab penyakit tidur di Afrika
3) Tryponosoma evansi   penyebab penyakit pada hewan ternak
4) Leishmania                      penyebab penyakit kala asar
5) Trichomonas vaginalis            parasit pada kelamin wanita dan saluran kelamin pria
6) Balantidium coli             penyebab diare
7) Toxoplasma gondii       penyebab toksoplasmosis
8) Plasmodium                    penyebab penyakit malaria
6. Sebutkan dan jelaskan pengertianganggang
Jawab:
Ganggang adalah organisme eukariotik uniseluler dan multiseluler yang mengandung klorofil.
7. Sebutkan 4 macam plasmodium
Jawab:
  v Plasmodium vivax
  v Plasmodium flaciparum
  v Plasmodium malariae
  v Plasmodium ovale
8.Sebutkan 6 ciri-ciri protista
Jawab:
  v Protozoa berukuran mikroskopik yaitu 3-1000 Nm
  v Uniseluler atau bersel satu
  v Hidup secara parasit (mengambil sisa-sisa makanan mahluk hisup yang bersifat organik)
  v Bereproduksi secara vegetatis dengan membelah diri dan generatis dengan pembentukan spora
  v Pada lingkungan yang tidak menguntungkan protozoa membentuk kista
  v Respirasi dengan difusi pada seluruh permukaan tubuhnya
9.Sebutkan  3 ciri-ciri protista yang menyerupai tumbuhan (alga/ganggang)
Jawab:
  v Memiliki klorofil
  v Hidup secara autorof pada habitat berair maupun mengandung air
  v Bereproduksi secara seksual dengan penyatuan gamet jantan dan gamet betina secara aseksual dengan         pembelahan biner,fragmentasi dan pembentukan spora
  v Memiliki ukuran 25 Nm – 5m
10. sebutkan macam-macam klasifikasi ganggang atau alga
Jawab:
  v Euglenoid (euglenophyta)
  v Ganggang keemasan (chrysophtya)
  v Ganggang api (pyrophyta)
  v Ganggang hijau (chrophyta)
  v Ganggang coklat (phaeophyta)
  v Ganggang merah (rhodophyta)
BAB 6
    1.     Sebutkan ciri-ciri jamur !
Jawab:
- Mempunyal membran Intl (eukariot
- Jamur bersel banyak (multiseluler) terdiri atas benang-benang halus yang disebut hifa.
- Cabang dari hifa (benang-benang halu) disebut dengan miselium yang berfungsi menyerap makanan                                                                              dan substratnya.
- Bersifat saprofit dan parasit.
- Berkembang biak secara aseksual dan seksual.
- Perkembangbiakan secara aseksual dilakukan oleh jamur yang bersel tunggal (uniseluler), yaitu dengan pertunasan dan pemutusan hifa (fragmentasi).
- Perkembangbiakan secara seksual dilakukan dengan membentuk askus spora.
    2.     Sebutkan cara-cara hidup jamur !
Jawab:
-Saprofit,memperoleh zat organic dari sisa-sisa organisme mati dan bahan tak hidup.misalnyaGymnophilus
-Parasit, memperoleh zat organic dari organisme hidup lain.misalnyaUstilago
-Mutual, hidup saling menguntungkan dengan organisme inangnya.misalnya mikoriza
  3.     Apa yang dimaksud dengan organisme heterotrop ?
Jawab:
organisme heterotrop, yaitu organisme yang cara memperoleh
makanannya dengan mengabsorbsi nutrisi dari lingkungannya atau substratnya
  4.   tuliskan klasifikasi jamur secara filogenetik.
Jawab:
-Chytridiomycota
-Zygomycota
-Ascomycota
- Basidiomycota 
  5.   Sebutkan cara jamur bereproduksi secara aseksual dan seksual ?
Jawab:
1) Reproduksi aseksual :
   -Pembentukan kuncup/tunas pada jamur uniseluler
   -Pemutusan benang hifa (fragmentasi miselium) pada jamur uniseluler
   -Pembentukan spora aseksual (spora vegetatif) pada jamur multiseluler

2) Reproduksi seksual : Pembentukan spora seksual yang dihasilkan secara singami (penyatuan              sel/hifa yang berbeda jenis)
6. Sebutkan dan jelaskan pengertian:
   a. konidia
   b. lichen
   jawab:
a       Konidia adalah spora aseksual yang terbentuk pada ujung kanidiofor
b       Lichen adalah ganggang yang membentuk lumut kerak
7. Gambar di atas adalah jamur yang merusan buah apel,sebutkan nama jamur tersebut
    Jawab:
    Venturia inaequalis
8.sebutkan dan jelaskan 3 jamur Basisiomycota yang merugikan
   Jawab:
    v Jamur karat (Puccinia graminis) merupakan parasit pada daun tanaman pertanian dari famili Gramineae
    v Puccinia arachidis, parasit pada tanaman kacang tanah
    v Ustilago maydis, parasit pada jagung
9.sebutkan dan jelaskan pengertian ektomikoriza dan endomikoriza?
   Jawab:
    - Ektomikoriza adalah jamur yang melingkupi akar tumbuhan sehingga akar dapat menyerap air dan                  mineral lebih banyak
    - Endomikoriza adalah jamur yang menginfeksi ke dalam jaringan akar sehingga hifa tidak tampak dari luar


10.sebutkan empat jenis jamur basidiomycota yang menguntungkan?
     Jawab:
-         Jamur kuping (Auricularia polytricha)
-         Jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea)
-         Jamur shitake (Lentinula edodes)
-         Jamur kayu (Ganoderma).

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The Story Of Cockatoo Being A Symbol Of Soppeng

Published on 18.56 By Andrew_Yonatan
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Before the kingdom of Soppeng has been declared, there was exist Bulu`e kingdom around X century. The inheritance of Bulu’e kingdom can be seen at a couple of statue named Latok Sewo and Kajao Sewo means grandmother and grandfather of Sewo. Government systems have been formed, its district consist of 60 areas and every area controlled by a Matoa. The leader of all Matoas is Matoa Bila. They were obeying to the king of Bulu’e who has title as PETTA BULU’E MATANRE LAPABBOLONG.
In the beginning of XII century, the king of Bulu’e passed away and didn’t have any heir. As a consequence, the government activities have been done by 60 Matoas. This condition created new problem because there was no representative leader. Moreover there was a long dry season at that time. The Matoas didn’t find any successor of Petta Bulu’e Matanre Lapabbolong. So they decided to do Tudang Sipulung or meeting in front of Salassa, it is the name of Soppeng palace.

Matoa Bila  : “What we are going to do?, we are in a big problem because it is dry season now and our food will be lost”
Matoa 1       : “We have to look for another successor to change Petta Bulu’e Matanre Lapabbolong. Beside that, he also can help us to solve this problem so that we will not in suffer later.”
Matoa 2       : “Yes…I agree with you. I think it is a good idea to look for another leader because all of us have responsibility in our shelter.”                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

          When they are doing Tudang Sipulung, suddenly the sky is cloudy, and in the same time they saw a couple of cockatoo were fighting to get something. They were stopped when it fallen down upon Matoa Bila. He took it and pay attention to it because it was a strange plant.

Matoa Bila  : “What is it, I never seen this plant before? I’m sure that it was sent by God to solve our problem.

          According to Matoa Bila, the birds were sent by God to give them sign how to solve their problem. Finally Matoa Bila asked the other Matoas to investigate where the cockatoos came from. Fortunately his feeling was proven because the cockatoos send them to meet a handsome Young man. They were surprised because they never met a man like him. He wore a nice clothes and accessories from gold. They were convincing that the young man was To Munurung, in Buginess it means a man from the sky. He lived in Tinco by planting rice. Soon Matoa Bila asked the man that he would be chosen as the king of Soppeng.

Matoa Bila            : “Who are you son and where are you come from?”
To Manurung       : “Let me introduce my self, my name is Latemmamala and I have been living here for many years.”
Matoa Bila  : “I would like you to become the king of Soppeng son, and you have to do three requirements. The first is DONGIRI IKKENG TEMMATIPA, the second is SALIPURI IKKENG TEMMADINGIN and the third is WESSE IKKENG TEMMAKAPPA.”
To Manurung       : “All right sir, I will do all your requirements”


          At last, To Manurung agreed to do all the requirements. Those requirements have meaning as the first was DONGIRI IKKENG TEMMATIPA means capable to give protection, supervision, and safety to the people. The second was SALIPURI IKKENG TEMMADINGIN means capable to provide food and the third was WESSE IKKENG TEMMAKAPPA means capable to prosper the people. Finally, Matoa Bila established a kingdom named Soppeng Kingdom and chose To Manurung Latemmamala as the King. Since that time, people started plant rice and it was the beginning of Soppeng prosperity.
          From this story, ABDUL GANI, AE suggested to use the picture of cockatoo as a symbol. The government agreed to use it, so that the picture of cockatoo which handle a stem of rice being a symbol of Soppeng Regency until now.



The End

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Contoh Cerita Rakyat Dalam Bahasa Inggris ( OMPO )

Published on 18.45 By Andrew_Yonatan
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  OMPO

            This story happened in Soppeng regency. There was a farmland which lies in the north side of Madello. That farmland was very big and muddy. That’s why the people named it “Galung Sobo”. It was Buginess language means sink farmland.
          Once upon a time, there was a farmer who went to plow his farm. He would plant rice in his farmland.“Dear, I’m going to our farm today. I have to plow it and plant rice soon” the farmer said.“Ok dear, be careful and don’t be late at home” his wife reply.
Early in the morning, he went to plow his farm with his lovely buffalo. He was very happy because his farm was very fertile.
          After along time he was plowing his farm, he and his buffalo were sinking into his farm unpredictable. Soon the farmer was lost. His wife and his son have been waiting him for along time until his families were bored.
“Where is Dad Mom?” the farmer’s son asked.
“I don’t know dear. He went to the farm and didn’t back until now. I’m worry about him” his mother said.
Because the farmer was lost and disappeared for along time, his family and the society around Madello tried to look for the farmer and his buffalo. But unfortunately, there was no sign of them.
Then a miracle happened.      
The people           :” Ammakna, we found your husband. He was near from your farmland”.
Farmer’s wife       :” What??? You said that my husband has been found? Oh my God thank you very much”.
The people           :” But you must be patient Ammakna because your husband has passed away”.
Farmer’s wife       :” Passes away??? NO…Why this should happened to me?
Oh…Ambo’na why do you live me alone? What’s wrong with my family God, why you took my husband so fast?
         
          One day, long time there was no sign of them, suddenly the corpse of the farmer appeared with his buffalo near his farmland. Beside that, there was also appeared a spring which very quick and pure.
          The people were surprised because the spring was very pure. After discussed together, the people decided to damp up, excavated, and made it swimming pools.
Finally the society named it OMPO because the spring was appeared suddenly. OMPO is taken from Buginess language that’s mean Appear. Since that time, that place was being tourism spot until now.



~ The End ~

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Dongeng bahasa inggris ALIBABA And The ROBBER

Published on 18.39 By Andrew_Yonatan
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Once upon a time in Persia, lived 2 brothers name Kasim and Alibaba. Both of them are different because Alibaba was poor and lived on the mountain, instead Kasim was very rich. Alibaba living was looking for firewood. He sold the firewood in the market and bought his need with the money. It’s really different with his brother who was very rich but stingy.
One day when he returned from looking for firewood, he saw a group of robbers. He hid himself because he was afraid that he will be killed by them. From his hide place, he saw the robbers brought all their treasure into the cave. The head of the robbers scream “Alakazam ! OPEN...”, then the door cave opened slowly and then he closed the cave door by saying “Alakazam ! CLOSE...”
When the robbers left, Alibaba out from his place and went in front of the cave. He also screamed as the robber did. “Alakasam ! OPEN...”, slow down the cave door opened. “WOW, that’s great! I can’t believe it”. Alibaba was shock to know that there was too much hidden treasure there. The money and gold were as high as mountain. “I will take this gold so that I won’t live in poor anymore, beside that I also can help my neighbours in suffering. Soon Alibaba took as much as money and gold that he could bring home, but before left the cave he shut the door. “Alakasam ! CLOSE...”
Arriving at home, his wife was surprised because the money and gold were very much. Then he told his wife about everything he had done.
“These money were too much...how if we share it to everyone who are in suffering?”
 The money and gold they have were very much; so they decided to borrow a scale to Alibaba’s brother for sharing their treasure. Because Kasim’s wife was a curious person, she gave a little oil at the bottom of the scale. The next day, when the scale was returned she saw a little gold shining in it. She soon called her husband and told what she had seen.  Knew it, Kasim went to his brother’s home and asked him about the hidden treasure. After listened to his brother’s explanation, he returned to his home and prepared his donkeys. He brought 20 donkeys with him. When he arrived in front of the cave, he scream “Alakasam ! OPEN...” the cave door open slowly and he entered to take as much as money and gold into his donkeys.
Unfortunately when he would out, he forgot the formula and couldn’t go. He tried and tried but couldn’t work until the door was opening; Kasim was happy but when he would out, the robber found him.
“Hi you, don’t run away. Catch and kill him” scream the head of the robber
“Please...don’t kill me. I beg you please let me go” said Kasim
Unfortunately the robber didn’t let him go; they killed Kasim in the cave. At home, Kasim’s wife was worry waiting for him because he didn’t return home for one day. Then she asked Alibaba to find her husband. Alibaba went to the treasure cave to look for his brother. He was shock when he found his brother has passed away on the ground. When Kasim’s wife knew that her husband has died, she cried loudly. Before Kasim corpse was buried, Alibaba asked the medical man to sew his brother injure, and gave the medical man some gold as the payment.
In the treasure cave, the robber couldn’t find Kasim corpse. He was very angry because he thought that someone had known his secret place.
“I believe that someone had come here. He knows our place now. Let’s find and kill him soon” said the robber
So the robber tried to look for the man all over the city. Until one day he met a medical man and asked him.
“Do you know a person who was being rich quickly?” asked the robber
“It’s me sir. I’m being a rich man after sewed a corpse injures” said the medical man
“What??? A corpse!!! Who asked you do it? Please bring me to him”

When he knew who had known his secret place, soon he disguised as an oil trader and came to Alibaba’s house to kill him. Fortunately there was a young lady named Morijana knew his plan. Soon she came to Alibaba’s house as a dancer and tried to help Alibaba. She then killed the guest who was a robber by her little sword. Alibaba and his wife were surprised but Morijana put off her mask and told what had happened. Then Alibaba thanked to Morijana.
“Thank you very much for saving our live” said Alibaba
“Your welcome, sir” reply Morijana

Finally Alibaba shared the robber’s hidden treasure to everyone who needs it. 

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